{"id":10083,"date":"2021-01-06T00:07:08","date_gmt":"2021-01-06T05:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nebula.org\/blog\/est-diabete-genetique-vujikovic-2020\/"},"modified":"2021-02-20T21:02:10","modified_gmt":"2021-02-21T02:02:10","slug":"est-diabete-genetique-vujikovic-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nebula.org\/blog\/fr\/est-diabete-genetique-vujikovic-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Diab\u00e8te de type 2 (Vujikovic, 2020)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Est diab\u00e8te g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/mark> ? En utilisant des GWAS multi-anc\u00eatres chez environ 2 millions de personnes diab\u00e9tiques, Vujikovic et al. a trouv\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/mark> variantes associ\u00e9es au type 2 Diab\u00e8te<\/mark> mellitus.<\/p>\n\n

TITRE DE L’\u00c9TUDE:<\/strong> D\u00e9couverte de 318 nouveaux loci de risque pour le diab\u00e8te de type 2 et les r\u00e9sultats vasculaires associ\u00e9s parmi 1,4 million de participants \u00e0 une m\u00e9ta-analyse multi-ascendante<\/a><\/p>\n\n

SOMMAIRE:<\/strong> D\u00e9couverte de 568 nouvelles r\u00e9gions g\u00e9nomiques associ\u00e9es au diab\u00e8te de type 2 dans une \u00e9tude multiethnique.<\/p>\n\n

APER\u00c7U:<\/strong> L’insuline est une hormone qui encourage les cellules \u00e0 absorber le sucre dans le sang. Les personnes atteintes de diab\u00e8te de type 2 ne r\u00e9pondent plus \u00e0 l’insuline, ce qui signifie que le sucre a du mal \u00e0 p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les cellules et \u00e0 s’accumuler dans le sang. Cette \u00e9tude a examin\u00e9 la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du diab\u00e8te de type 2 dans 228 499 cas et 1 178 783 t\u00e9moins comprenant des Europ\u00e9ens, des Afro-Am\u00e9ricains, des Hispaniques, des Sud-Asiatiques et des Asiatiques de l’Est. Les auteurs ont trouv\u00e9 568 associations, dont 318 sont nouvelles. En utilisant ces informations, ils ont \u00e9galement d\u00e9couvert qu’un risque g\u00e9n\u00e9tique plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de diab\u00e8te de type 2 entra\u00eene un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de maladie r\u00e9nale chronique, de maladie art\u00e9rielle p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique et de neuropathie, qui peuvent toutes \u00eatre caus\u00e9es par le diab\u00e8te.<\/p>\n\n

LE SAVIEZ-VOUS?<\/strong> Des l\u00e9sions nerveuses, appel\u00e9es neuropathie, peuvent \u00eatre caus\u00e9es par une glyc\u00e9mie \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Il est important que les diab\u00e9tiques contr\u00f4lent leur glyc\u00e9mie pour \u00e9viter d’endommager leurs nerfs. [SOURCE]<\/a><\/p>\n\n

EXEMPLE DE R\u00c9SULTATS:<\/strong> En savoir plus sur Biblioth\u00e8que de recherche sur la n\u00e9buleuse<\/a> . <\/p>\n\n

\"résultats<\/a><\/figure>\n\n

VARIANTES ASSOCI\u00c9ES AU DIAB\u00c8TE:<\/strong> rs35011184, rs2237897, rs10440833, rs10811661, rs1421085, rs9859406, rs13266634, rs1111875, rs76895963, rs860262, rs2943650, rs13262861, rs10228796, rs10937721, rs11616380, rs28642213, rs11651755, rs10830963, rs464605, rs12910361, rs11257655, rs11602873, rs76675804, rs11708067, rs1260326, rs4929965, rs2796441, rs10184004, rs697239, rs17036160, rs757110, rs61779284, rs3751239, rs2257883, rs17866443, rs340874, rs13094957, rs8107527, rs72802365, rs243018, rs893617, rs34584161, rs75432112, rs6777684, rs2876354, rs730831, rs6567160, rs57286125, rs6946660, rs7732130, rs3130931, rs146886108, rs2290203, rs13434089, rs9379084, rs4237150, rs6813195, rs10938398, rs8071043, rs4865796, rs7163757, rs730497, rs79090772, rs12625671, rs2723065, rs56348580, rs9515905, rs12454712, rs8192675, rs7156625, rs3130283, rs529565, rs35895680, rs1127215, rs429358, rs3887925, rs56337234, rs6975279, rs34341, rs3918298, rs11759026, rs10188334, rs676387, rs3798519, rs2453051, rs58542926, rs9308614, rs9384, rs931650014, rs9384, rs244415, rs6495182, rs2820446, rs9873519, rs12192275, rs4805881, rs8043085, rs66815886, rs1426371, rs4709746, rs55857387, rs10750397, rs10808671, rs3747207, rs1412234, rs12986742, rs2280141, rs79310463, rs67269808, rs917195, rs4923864, rs2115107, rs348330, rs56823429, rs12789028, rs13268508, rs72926932, rs80196932, rs12603589, rs3802219, rs11583755, rs1650505, rs73221116, rs11048457, rs11614914, rs6066138, rs10879261, rs3996350, rs55691245, rs149336329, rs838720, rs4809906, rs80234489, rs4930726, rs7147483, rs13040225, rs9472139, rs501470, rs7941510, rs6059662, rs177045, rs1801645, rs60384372, rs10773000, rs2282456, rs8054556, rs2409742, rs12883788, rs7674402, rs7758002, rs7633673, rs945187, rs56243018, rs4810145, rs4335, rs7224711, rs10998338, rs2169033, rs7178762, rs2591392, rs2040792, rs34247110, rs28819812, rs314879, rs73239895, rs12001437, rs539515, rs6741676, rs2277339, rs117316450, rs11078916, rs6792892, rs7659468, rs6538805, rs62492368, rs303760, rs2297508, rs80615399 072, rs1815591, rs56392746, rs2732469, rs9390022, rs9872347, rs7132908, rs75253922, rs7629, rs3816605, rs6956980, rs10408163, rs7895872, rs12419690, rs62618693, rs6716394, rs17035289, rs10916780, rs12380322, rs6710938, rs35251247, rs13237518, rs329118, rs4382480, rs2730827, rs113135335, rs12187734, rs75080135, rs2269247, rs7787720, rs144052331, rs9479, rs145904381, rs7227272, rs1561927, rs667920, rs6011155, rs6565922, rs1996617, rs36062478, rs583769, rs4776970, rs152839, rs10844519, rs11155073, rs112324411, rs117233795, rs7029718, rs7645613, rs8056890, rs28490139, rs13365225, rs149027146, rs7752666, rs12505942, rs7071036, rs60251368, rs187653072, rs6021276, rs2482506, rs11181613, rs3845843, rs10818763, rs8010382, rs2725370, rs2608953, rs11561066, rs993380, rs7246440, rs6073143, rs3887059, rs654629, rs34845373, rs111765639, rs13406280, rs2605281, rs1567353, rs57767539, rs3020781, rs5762925, rs6766859, rs41304257, rs3872707, rs2613499, rs4397977, rs924753, rs2188848, rs6549112, rs10737818, rs247975, rs7240767, rs6712905, rs2867570, rs17662402, rs174541, rs12185519, rs2872246, rs4479849, rs11646052, rs2032217, rs7970687, rs7554251, rs112515915, rs9814945, rs56799554, rs242105, rs61817176, rs2255703, rs2289739, rs12918782, rs3744347, rs379417, rs4777857, rs61736066, rs9587811, rs61579137, rs7742292, rs2056857, rs4906272, rs4671799, rs4343858, rs9913225, rs3755879, rs7483027, rs6835992, rs11201992, rs9568868, rs28712435, rs1408579, rs6714523, rs727734, rs12932337, rs12539264, rs13415288, rs76789970, rs4976033, rs9370243, rs11108094, rs3753693, rs11240351, rs34298980, rs13099581, rs62271373, rs34329895, rs9319943, rs506597, rs62262091, rs4655617, rs2956092, rs71495046, rs149447188, rs9257408, rs1431819, rs7546252, rs524903, rs200995462, rs9857204, rs12056338, rs2066827, rs35296 901985, rs7134150, rs1885234, rs72692804, rs1570247, rs12041243, rs12746673, rs11046164, rs2513505, rs4384608, rs10767659, rs2240716, rs10750840, rs1194592, rs2447198, rs2150999, rs16881572, rs3122231, rs3012060, rs12151653, rs9438610, rs1327123, rs9927842, rs6558173, rs73121277, rs9564268, rs261967, rs10096633, rs11913442, rs11998023, rs35753840, rs11199116, rs2408252, rs28408270, rs1470560, rs410150, rs6479591, rs10766076, rs858519, rs2252115, rs55812705, rs10404726, rs4902002, rs13059382, rs11173646, rs11159347, rs12128213, rs38221, rs4673712, rs28758542, rs62452060, rs13238568, rs10119430, rs723355, rs10159026, rs10889560, rs73642097, rs7274134, rs6597649, rs9991328, rs6972291, rs148106383, rs12856169, rs4833687, rs17810376, rs12669521, rs5010712, rs74677818, rs77424687, rs17265513, rs11096542, rs58090211, rs2633311, rs12422600, rs11258422, rs76263492, rs11114650, rs705145, rs7316626, rs59646751, rs33959228, rs884847, rs978444, rs1075855, rs2272163, rs2125799, rs7758115, rs17439448 , Rs138771, rs9869477, rs529623, rs4129858, rs4252505, rs6978327, rs9411425, rs79598313, rs11150745, rs116861182, rs1812707, rs72803684, rs1109442, rs10048404, rs2780215, rs6870983, rs12586772, rs3828242, rs2816177, rs10758950, rs3735491, rs4788815, rs6561273, rs11870735, rs197374 , rs73146095, rs11929640, rs4942883, rs10787518, rs4658234, rs4834232, rs117642733, rs7664347, rs4440243, rs10806906, rs12892257, rs2662390, rs34506349, rs4463416, rs12992995, rs2952858, rs62182438, rs7991679, rs11236524, rs6715901, rs10262104, rs11830241, rs73184014, rs510062, rs146716733 , rs10101067, rs73167517, rs59020573, rs3779272, rs35164294, rs36111056, rs217256, rs7912336, rs2031847, rs56281442, rs302395, rs6976111, rs12116991201s rs56365443, rs4482463, rs11994255, rs2394186, rs2679745, rs6897117, rs142385484, rs1922879, rs11848361, rs9358912, rs4294149, rs9958640, rs305686, rs6137042, rs12494424, rs7127212, rs75619936, rs12680217, rs10835690, rs61967710, rs827237, rs4807125, rs75307421, rs853866, rs114136102, rs34617913, rs59489841, rs7169799, rs362307, rs13107325, rs9560114, rs17772814, rs111283203, rs2216063, rs1662185, rs4820323, rs12667919, rs12825669, rs10469860, rs712315, rs4832290, rs1929883, rs9449295, rs366577, rs28792187, rs13330163, rs62255926, rs11858759, rs372558, rs16907058, rs72846863, rs1877712, rs243513, rs6885157, rs538801, rs13288108, rs62490267, rs7130522, rs12140153<\/p>\n\n

RESSOURCES ADDITIONNELLES:<\/strong>Pr\u00e9diab\u00e8te et pr\u00e9vention du diab\u00e8te (vid\u00e9o)<\/a>L’importance de la race dans le diab\u00e8te de type 2<\/a><\/p>\n\n

VOUS POUVEZ \u00c9GALEMENT \u00caTRE INT\u00c9RESS\u00c9 PAR:<\/strong> Diab\u00e8te de type 2 (Cook, 2016)<\/a>Consommation de sucre (Meddens, 2020)<\/a>Maladie r\u00e9nale chronique (Hellwege, 2019)<\/a><\/p>\n\n

MISE \u00c0 JOUR HEBDOMADAIRE:<\/strong> 19 octobre 2020<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

Informations compl\u00e9mentaires: Le diab\u00e8te est-il g\u00e9n\u00e9tique?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

\"is<\/p>\n\n

Source de l’image: Glen Carries, Unsplash<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Introduction: le diab\u00e8te et sa g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Le diab\u00e8te sucr\u00e9 est une maladie chronique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une augmentation de la glyc\u00e9mie. C’est un trouble du m\u00e9tabolisme des glucides. Le manque d’insuline provoque un diab\u00e8te sucr\u00e9 et une hyperglyc\u00e9mie chronique. Les caract\u00e9ristiques de ce trouble complexe comprennent l’hyperglyc\u00e9mie, la glucosurie, l’acidose et la c\u00e9tose.<\/p>\n\n

Histoire du diab\u00e8te et de sa g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

L’histoire<\/a> du diab\u00e8te remonte \u00e0 250 avant JC lorsque ce terme a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9 par Apollonius de Memphis. Les anciens Grecs et Perses ont li\u00e9 le diab\u00e8te au go\u00fbt sucr\u00e9 de l’urine. Et cela \u00e9tait d\u00fb \u00e0 l’excr\u00e9tion excessive de sucres dans l’urine. <\/p>\n\n

L’id\u00e9e de comprendre l’histoire de la composante g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du diab\u00e8te a toujours intrigu\u00e9 les scientifiques du monde entier. Dans ce contexte, il ne va jamais de soi que les \u00e9tudes des ann\u00e9es 1970 ont associ\u00e9 HLA<\/em> les g\u00e8nes<\/a> diab\u00e9tique (type 1). <\/p>\n\n

Publi\u00e9 en 2000, r\u00e9sultats du d\u00e9pistage \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle du g\u00e9nome pour les g\u00e8nes de susceptibilit\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s calpa\u00efne-10<\/a> \u00eatre associ\u00e9 au diab\u00e8te (type 2) dans un groupe d’Am\u00e9ricains mexicains. Ce travail a \u00e9t\u00e9 parmi les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes \u00e0 cartographier les g\u00e8nes de susceptibilit\u00e9. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, de nombreux autres rapports ont identifi\u00e9 l’architecture g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du diab\u00e8te (voir ci-dessous).<\/p>\n\n

Types de diab\u00e8te<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Il existe principalement trois types de Diab\u00e8te<\/a> . Ce sont le diab\u00e8te de type 1, le diab\u00e8te de type 2, le diab\u00e8te gestationnel. <\/p>\n\n